A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is a common phenomenon in which blood drips from the nose. Although it can be scary, nosebleeds are usually harmless and can be easily treated at home. However, in rare cases, nosebleeds may be a symptom of a more serious condition, such as high blood pressure or a blood clotting disorder. Therefore, it is essential to know the possible causes and when to seek medical attention.
Causes of nosebleeds:
Nosebleeds can occur for a variety of reasons, including:
Dry Air – Exposure to dry air can cause the lining of the nose to dry out and crack, leading to a nosebleed.
Nose picking: The inside of the nose is delicate and nose picking can cause small cuts that lead to nosebleeds.
Trauma: A blow to the nose, such as from a fall or during sports, can cause a nosebleed.
Infections: Infections such as sinusitis or the common cold can cause nosebleeds.
High blood pressure: High blood pressure can put pressure on the blood vessels in the nose and lead to nosebleeds.
How to stop nosebleeds?
Most nosebleeds can be treated at home by taking the following steps:
Stay calm – Although a nosebleed can be a frightening experience, it’s important to stay calm and keep your head up. Sit up straight and tilt your head slightly forward. This will prevent blood from running down the back of your throat and causing you to swallow.
Pinch your nose: With your thumb and forefinger, pinch the soft part of your nose just below the bridge. Apply gentle pressure and hold for 10-15 minutes. This will help the blood vessels in the nose to clot.
Apply a cold compress: After the bleeding stops, apply a cold compress, such as an ice pack wrapped in a towel, to the bridge of your nose. This will help reduce swelling and soothe the area.
Avoid blowing your nose: To prevent nosebleeds from starting again, avoid blowing your nose for at least 24 hours after the bleeding has stopped.
Use a nasal decongestant: If you experience nosebleeds due to nasal congestion, try using a decongestant nasal spray or drops. This can help reduce the swelling of the blood vessels in the nose, making it easier to stop the bleeding. However, it is essential to follow the label instructions and not use nasal decongestants for more than three days in a row, as this can cause rebound congestion and worsen symptoms.
Keep nasal passages moist: Dry nasal passages can lead to nosebleeds, so keeping them moist is essential. Try using a saline nasal spray or a humidifier to add moisture to the air. This can help prevent the nasal passages from getting too dry and reduce the risk of nosebleeds.
Avoid hot and spicy foods: Eating hot and spicy foods can cause blood vessels in the nose to dilate, increasing the risk of nosebleeds. If you are prone to nosebleeds, it is best to avoid hot and spicy foods until the bleeding stops.
Avoid strenuous activities: Strenuous activities, such as exercise or lifting heavy objects, can increase blood pressure and cause nosebleeds. It is best to avoid these activities until the bleeding has stopped and the nose has fully healed.
Use Vaseline: Applying a small amount of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, to the inside of your nose can help moisturize and protect the delicate lining of your nasal passages. This can help prevent nosebleeds caused by dry nasal passages. Use a cotton swab to apply a small amount of Vaseline to the inside of each nostril, but avoid inserting the swab too far into the nose, as this can cause further irritation. It is best to apply Vaseline at night before bed, as this allows it to work overnight without interfering with your daily activities.
Seek Medical Care for Recurrent Nosebleeds: If you experience recurring nosebleeds, it is essential to seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause. Your doctor may recommend further tests or refer you to a specialist to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
When to seek medical attention?
While most nosebleeds can be treated at home, there are certain situations in which medical attention should be sought:
If the bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes of applying pressure.
If the bleeding is heavy or you feel lightheaded or dizzy.
If the nosebleed is due to a head injury or if you are experiencing severe pain.
If you experience frequent nosebleeds, especially if they occur without any apparent cause.
Which doctor should you see if your nose bleeds?
If someone experiences frequent nosebleeds, it is essential to seek medical attention from an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, also known as an otolaryngologist. The specialist will closely examine the nose using an endoscope, a small pencil-like telescope that can provide a detailed view of the nasal passages. Based on the results, the specialist will make appropriate treatment recommendations. It is critical to treat frequent nosebleeds with a medical professional to rule out any underlying medical conditions and prevent further complications.
How to prevent nosebleeds?
Here are some tips on how to prevent nosebleeds:
Keep Nasal Passages Moist: Dry nasal passages can increase the likelihood of nosebleeds, so keeping them moist is essential. Try using a saline nasal spray or humidifier to add moisture to the air. This can help prevent the nasal passages from becoming too dry and reduce the risk of nosebleeds.
Avoid nose picking: Nose picking can cause irritation and damage to the delicate blood vessels in the nose, leading to nosebleeds. Make a conscious effort to avoid picking your nose and keep your hands away from your face as much as possible.
Use a humidifier: Using a humidifier in your home can help keep the air moist and prevent your nasal passages from drying out. This can be especially helpful during the winter, when indoor heating can dry out the air.
Avoid irritants: Avoid exposing your nose to cigarette smoke, harsh chemicals, and allergens. If you are exposed to these irritants, wear a mask or cover your nose to protect it.
Be gentle: Be gentle when blowing your nose and avoid blowing too hard. This can cause trauma to the blood vessels in the nose and lead to nosebleeds. Instead, gently blow your nose and use a saline nasal spray to help clear your nasal passages.
Control your blood pressure: High blood pressure can increase the risk of nosebleeds, so it is essential to control your blood pressure through regular exercise, a healthy diet, and medication if prescribed by a health professional.
